Article by Stephen Crystal – Founder & CEO, SCCG
In the world of sports, few events carry the adrenaline, strategy, and cultural depth of Indian Relay Racing. Long before motocross, rodeos, and mainstream horse racing, Native American riders were perfecting the art of high-speed, bareback relay racing, making it arguably America’s original extreme sport. Today, this electrifying competition continues to honor centuries-old traditions, foster tribal unity, and generate economic opportunities, all while captivating audiences with its raw intensity.
A Sport Born from Tradition and Survival
Indian Relay Racing traces its origins back to the Plains tribes of North America, where the horse was more than just a tool for transportation—it was a symbol of power, freedom, and survival. When Spanish settlers introduced horses to the continent in the 16th century, Native American tribes became some of the finest horsemen in the world. They quickly adapted horseback riding for hunting, warfare, and endurance training, creating the foundation for what would become Indian Relay Racing.
Historically, these races were more than sport—they were survival training. Young warriors honed their ability to switch between multiple horses at full gallop, preparing for the unpredictable chaos of battle and long-distance chases. Over time, what began as a necessity evolved into a thrilling competition that remains deeply rooted in Native identity and cultural pride.
Several tribes have been at the forefront of Indian Relay Racing, passing down horsemanship through generations. Some of the most dominant and influential relay racing tribes include:
- The Crow Nation (Apsáalooke) – Montana: Known for their elite riders and historic ties to horses, the Crow have a deep legacy in relay racing, hosting some of the most competitive races in North America.
- The Blackfeet Nation – Montana: With a long-standing reputation for their equestrian skills, Blackfeet riders are among the most competitive in the sport today.
- The Shoshone-Bannock Tribes – Idaho: Their annual races at the Shoshone-Bannock Indian Festival are among the most exciting in the sport.
- The Lakota Sioux – South Dakota: The Lakota’s warrior history and strong horsemanship traditions translate into a fearless racing style.
- The Northern Cheyenne – Montana: Known for their aggressive, high-risk racing techniques, Cheyenne riders are among the most respected in relay competition.
How the Race Works: A Battle of Speed, Strategy, and Skill
Indian Relay Racing is a team event requiring exceptional horsemanship and teamwork. Each team consists of four members:
- The Rider – A fearless jockey who races three separate horses, leaping from one to another at high speeds.
- The Mugger – A team member who catches the incoming horse as the rider dismounts, ensuring a smooth transition.
- The Holders – Two teammates who keep the next horse steady while the rider jumps onto it mid-race.
The race begins with a breakneck sprint around the track. After completing a lap, the rider must leap from their running horse onto a fresh one, relying solely on balance, grip, and pure instinct—no saddles, no stirrups, just raw talent. This switch happens twice before the final stretch to the finish line. A single mistake—a missed jump, an unsteady mount, or an unruly horse—can cost the entire race. It’s fast, chaotic, and breathtaking, a true test of human and equine athleticism.
The Cultural and Spiritual Connection to Horses
For Native American tribes, horses are more than just racing animals—they are sacred beings. Many tribes believe that horses carry the spirit of their ancestors, connecting them to the land and their heritage. The relationship between Native riders and their horses is built on trust, respect, and an unspoken bond that transcends competition.
Unlike traditional horse racing, where expensive breeding and training dominate, Indian Relay Racing prioritizes the natural athleticism of the horses and the deep connection between rider and steed. Many teams train their horses on open lands, maintaining the wild spirit that defines the sport.
A Modern-Day Spectacle Gaining National Recognition
While Indian Relay Racing has been a staple of tribal fairs, powwows, and rodeos for generations, the sport is now gaining broader national attention. Events like the All Nations Indian Relay Championships attract thousands of spectators and media coverage, showcasing the sport’s unmatched excitement and its importance to Native communities.
Prize money and sponsorships have grown significantly, providing financial support to riders and their families while keeping this treasured tradition alive. Some of the most elite teams, such as those from the Crow, Blackfeet, and Northern Cheyenne Nations, have become known for their daring riding styles and unmatched speed.
The Gambling Potential: Could Indian Relay Racing Become the Next Betting Frontier?
As legal sports betting expands across the U.S., Indian Relay Racing presents an untapped market. Similar to traditional horse racing, the unpredictability and sheer adrenaline-fueled nature of the sport make it an ideal betting attraction. Many tribal casinos already operate sportsbooks, horse racing simulcasts, and gaming ventures, making Indian Relay Racing a natural fit for future legalized betting markets.
With the right promotion and infrastructure, the sport could bring significant economic benefits to tribal communities, drawing tourists, bettors, and sponsorships while maintaining its authenticity and cultural significance.
Preserving Heritage, Inspiring Future Generations
Indian Relay Racing is more than a sport—it is a celebration of resilience, skill, and cultural pride. It represents centuries of Native perseverance, showcasing the warrior spirit of indigenous riders while offering a pathway for young Native athletes to honor their heritage.
Today, Indian Relay Racing is gaining recognition not only as a cultural treasure but also as a high-stakes, thrilling spectator sport. As it continues to grow, it serves as a powerful reminder that Native American traditions are not relics of the past, but living legacies that continue to shape the future. Whether through thrilling races, the deep bond between horse and rider, or its potential to become a new frontier for gaming, Indian Relay Racing is truly America’s original extreme sport.
